Thermodynamics and statistical physics provide a unified framework linking the macroscopic laws of energy, work, and entropy to the microscopic motions of particles. Thermodynamics, rooted in the laws ...

Brownian motion in the presence of magnetic fields and under non-Markovian dynamics lies at a critical intersection of statistical physics and applied mathematics. This field examines how charged ...

Discover the fascinating world of particle physics — the most fundamental building blocks of the universe and the forces that connect them. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an ...

Physicist Richard Feynman invented them to describe the interactions between real particles. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. This ...